Forensic Arson Investigation - How Do Investigators Determine Where a Fire Started?

After a fire is put out and CSI technicians or firewell. Furthermore, an arsonist may have set various
investigators arrive to look over an arson crimefires within a building or spilled a path of charcoal fluid
scene, the first thing they want to know is whereor other accelerant throughout or around the
the fire started. They will look for clues to determinestructure, thus setting a fire with more than one
its origin.point of origin.
Finding a fire's point of origin requires knowledge ofBy assessing the fire's effect on structural materials,
how a fire moves through a structure. In general,CSI's can estimate the intensity of the fire at any
fires spread sideways and up from the point ofparticular place. Under extremely intense heat, steel
origin, but that pattern can change due to structuralbeams buckle, and glass melts at around 1,500
and decorative elements of the building. For example,degrees Fahrenheit. Crackling and flaking on floors and
stairwells may force a fire in one direction, and thewalls are indicative of places of high heat. Likewise,
chemicals in man-made carpet may cause abnormalwooden beams, walls, and floors may scorch leaving
burn patterns. Usually, the biggest amount of damagean alligator skin-like pattern in the wake. Whenever
happens near the point of origin. CSI's look forthis occurs, smaller scales tend to be closest to the
evidence of igniters or accelerants as possible clueshottest point of the fire.
that suggest a point of origin.If smoke detectors are present throughout a
Other factors than can influence or hinder CSI's'structure, the time at which each alarm was set off
efforts in determining a point of origin are opencan help CSI's ascertain the path that the fire
windows, stairwells, or materials used to build ortraversed throughout the building and locate the point
decorate the building.of origin.
After determining the point of origin, a CSILiquid and volatile fuels pose special problems for
sometimes can retrace the fire's trajectory evenarson investigators because they spread more quickly
when the building has undergone heavy structuraland take the shape of their containers. If the
damage. On the other hand, backtracking along theperpetrator of an arson sloshes paint thinner on a
fire's path may yield the point of origin.floor, the paint thinner spreads across the room, runs
Searching for a V pattern in burned material isdown the stairs, and oozes into the baseboards.
another way of finding the point of origin. It is theUpon igniting the paint thinner, the fire follows the
tendency of fire to rise and spread so that it burns aliquid and spreads right away, making the point of
wall or other vertical surface in a V pattern, with theorigin widely spread out.
point of the V located at the origin of the fire.Volatile fuels like methane gas diffuse in all directions
Fuel containers and other flammable liquids also canuntil they fill their containers. Upon lighting up this fuel
not only hinder the search for the true point of originsource, these containers can explode. Finding an
but also with the locating of arson-relatedexact point of origin in this scenario is impossible.
accelerants, simply because they are accelerants as