| Stanley S. McGowen, "Battle or Massacre?:
| |
| | Fredericksburg to control the situation,
|
| The Incident on the Nueces, April 10,
| |
| | and martial law was declared in Gillespie
|
| 1862," Southwestern Historical Quarterly,
| |
| | County. After learning of plots to attack
|
| vol. CIV, no. 1 (2000), 64-86.This
| |
| | the Confederate troops, Captain James
|
| article examines the events that led to
| |
| | Duff arrested several local citizens and
|
| the confrontation between German
| |
| | executed two German immigrants that he
|
| unionists and Confederate soldiers on the
| |
| | considered to be troublemakers. These
|
| banks of the Nueces River. Stanley
| |
| | incidents caused many German unionists to
|
| McGowen presents evidence that the German
| |
| | decide to flee to Mexico.Informants told
|
| settlers were heavily armed and,
| |
| | Duff of this exodus, and he sent
|
| therefore, not massacred as some later
| |
| | ninety-six soldiers in pursuit of them.
|
| generations have claimed. However, the
| |
| | They located the German unionists on
|
| German unionists who were captured in the
| |
| | August 9 at the Nueces River. The
|
| battle were killed later under suspicious
| |
| | soldiers planned to attack at 1 a.m.
|
| circumstances, and they could be said to
| |
| | while the Germans were asleep. The
|
| have been massacred.German settlers did
| |
| | soldiers split into two forces to attack
|
| not initially participate in unionism
| |
| | from two directions. However, two Germans
|
| after Abraham Lincoln's election to the
| |
| | ran into one of the Texas forces, and the
|
| presidency. They organized the Union
| |
| | battle was begun prematurely. The Germans
|
| Loyal League in 1861, and earned the
| |
| | took what cover they could and fought
|
| title of traitors and insurrectionists
| |
| | back, killing and wounding twenty-one
|
| from secessionists. Although many people
| |
| | men, but were overrun by superior forces.
|
| assert that the Union's purpose was to
| |
| | About twenty-three men escaped early in
|
| maintain neutrality in the war and
| |
| | the battle, and six others escaped after
|
| prevent animosity between Union and
| |
| | the Confederates overran the camp. What
|
| Confederate sympathizers, McGowen
| |
| | happened after the Confederates took the
|
| contends that soon after Texas seceded
| |
| | camp can be considered a massacre; nine
|
| the Union Loyal League organized militias
| |
| | or eleven of the wounded Germans were
|
| in eighteen German communities to
| |
| | dragged into the woods and shot in the
|
| actively oppose the Confederacy. Members
| |
| | head.The Battle of the Nueces resulted in
|
| of the militia swore oaths never to
| |
| | a bushwhacker war between Unionists and
|
| betray the United States of America and
| |
| | Confederate sympathizers. Ambushes from
|
| were well armed with rifles and
| |
| | both sides were so common that many
|
| ammunition. McGowen presents the
| |
| | features of the surrounding terrain were
|
| testimony of a Union Loyal League member
| |
| | named Bushwhacker. Many homes and farms
|
| as to the Union's purpose, which was to
| |
| | were set on fire, and sometimes the
|
| join the Federal troops as soon as they
| |
| | occupants were shot. These incidents
|
| invaded Texas. Some of the actions taken
| |
| | created animosity between the two
|
| by the German unionists were to write
| |
| | factions and it continues today among the
|
| letters of an insurrectionist nature to
| |
| | descendants of German unionists and
|
| Northern newspapers, establish an
| |
| | Confederate sympathizers.Mary Arnold
|
| underground communication system between
| |
| | graduated from University of
|
| themselves and the United States, and to
| |
| | Houston-Clear Lake with a B.A. in
|
| intimidate anyone who supported the
| |
| | literature and history.She is an author
|
| Confederacy.Soldiers were sent to
| |
| | on which is a site for Writers.
|
